Sensors in medical instrumentation
Summary
Fundamental principles and methods used for physiological signal conditioning. Electrode, optical, resistive, capacitive, inductive, and piezoelectric sensor techniques used to detect and convert physiological information to electrical signals. Medical devices for physiological signal monitoring.
Content
1. Electrode sensors
- Action potentials
Nernst equation, Hodgkin-Huxley model, action potential, voltage clamp - Biopotentials
ECG (electrocardiogram), EEG (electroencephalogram), ExG (other electrogram), ECGi (ECG imaging) - Bioimpedances
Impedance model, impedance plethysmography, impedance spectroscopy, EIT (electrical impedance tomography), PAP (pulmonary artery pressure) - Basic safety of ME equipment
Regulations, 60601-1, MOP, applied part and patient connections, leakage and auxiliary currents, defibrillator-proof - Electrodes
Electrode model, motion artefacts, noise, dry electrodes, potential and current electrodes - Metrology of biopotentials
EM interferences, shielding, neutral electrode, common mode, defibrillation and ESD protections - Metrology of bioimpedances
Bipolar and tetrapolar methods, bi-electrodes, AM, IQ demodulation, leakage, shielding
2. Optical sensors
- Photo-plethysmography
PPG, oHRM, ambient light, volume clamp blood pressure, optical blood pressure, SpO2 - NIRS (near infrared spectroscopy)
Basic NIRS, differential NIRS
3. Resistive sensors
Thermistor and its biomedical applications; strain gage for the measurement of blood pressure; force and accelerations of the body
4. Inductive sensors
Simple and mutual inductance and its medical applications
5. Capacitive sensors
Respiratory flow measurement by the gradient of pressure
6. Piezoelectric sensors
Force platform, accelerometer, angular rate sensor for the measurement of tremors and body movements, ultrasound transducer : measurement of pressure and flow rate
Keywords
Sensors, instrumentation, medical devices, physiological signals, electronic circuits, metrology, monitoring
Learning Prerequisites
Required courses
basic signal and control theory, basic electronics (Kirchhoff, OPA, INA)
Recommended courses
systems, sensors, electronics
Important concepts to start the course
basic electronics, basic physics
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the course, the student must be able to:
- Choose techniques detecting and convert physiological information's to electrical signals
- Exploit fundamental principles and methods used for physiological signal conditioning
- Design measuring devices
- Interpret error, noise in biomedical measuring systems
- Work out / Determine what sensors to choose and how to place them to measure a given physiologica signal.
- Work out / Determine what electronic circuits to use.
- Dimension the electronic circuit.
- Analyze the sources of noise.
Transversal skills
- Use a work methodology appropriate to the task.
- Communicate effectively with professionals from other disciplines.
- Take account of the social and human dimensions of the engineering profession.
Teaching methods
Ex cathedra (including examples) with textbook and exercises
Expected student activities
read textbook, exercises, quizzes and problems
Assessment methods
three quizzes/problems sessions during semester (each worth 5%)
final written exam (worth 85%)
Supervision
| Office hours | Yes |
| Assistants | Yes |
| Forum | Yes |
Resources
Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI)
No
Bibliography
Medical Instrumentation, application and design, Webster, 4th edition
Ressources en bibliothèque
Notes/Handbook
Sensors in medical instrumentation (textbook)
Slides
Moodle Link
Prerequisite for
Semester project and Master project
In the programs
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Semester: Spring
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional
- Exam form: Written (summer session)
- Subject examined: Sensors in medical instrumentation
- Courses: 2 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Exercises: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks
- Type: optional