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Chemical thermodynamics

CH-241

Lecturer(s) :

Hagfeldt Ulf Anders

Language:

English

Summary

This course enables the acquisition of basic concepts of thermodynamics including the 1st and 2nd principles and the use of physical properties for balance of chemical reactions at liquid and gaseous states.

Content

1. First principle: work and heat
Fundamental variables of state, internal energy, closed and open systems.

2. Second principle: Entropy
Statistical (Boltzmann) and thermodynamic interpretation, reversible and irreversible processes, equilibrium state, heat engines (Carnot, Strirling).

3. Auxiliary variables of state
Enthalpy, free enthalpy and free energy, their interpretation and usefulness. Fundamental equations and characteristic variables. Maxwell relations, chemical potential.

4. Treatment of mixture
Molar and partial molar quantities.

5. General treatment of chemical reactions
Extent of reaction, reaction variables (reaction enthalpy entropy and free enthalpy), standard state, heat of reaction, heat of formation of chemical compounds.

6. Thermodynamics of gases
Ideal and real gases, fugacity, state equations (Van der Waals equation, virial coefficients). Joule Thompson effect.

7. Chemical reactions in the gas phase
Mass action law, equilibrium constant, Kirchhoff's rule and Van t'Hoff equation.

8. Phase equilibria of pure compounds
Clausius-Clapeyron equation, phase diagram, supercritical state.

9. Colligative Properties

Raoult's and Henry's laws, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point, osmotic pressure

Learning Outcomes

By the end of the course, the student must be able to:

• Describe and apply the main principles (laws) of thermodynamics
• Describe and understand the equilibrium conditions
• Use the concepts of internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, free energy and chemical potential
• Use partial molar quantities
• Use equations of state to calculate thermodynamic properties of real gases
• Formulate relationships between thermodynamic derivatives of fundamental equations
• Analyze phase diagrams of a pure substance
• Describe statistical interpretations of thermodynamic properties

Teaching methods

Lectures with hand-outs. Exercises.

Assessment methods

Written exam

Resources

Bibliography

Handouts of lecture notes

Recommended book:

Pierre Infelta & Michael Grätzel, Thermodynamique: Principles et Applications. BrownWalker Press - 2006. ISBN - 1-58112-995-5.

Ressources en bibliothèque

• Thermodynamique / Infelta